对于房地产市场,消费者和房地产专业人士都有两个共同的担忧。 First, they question whether or not we are on the brink of another housing bubble, and second, they want to know why there aren’t more homes for sale.
I don’t plan on addressing the concern regarding a housing bubble in this article except to say that we are not currently in “bubble” territory, although affordability does concern me immensely. 今天我想集中讨论第二个问题,就是待售房屋的短缺问题。
According to the National Association of REALTORS®, there were 1.96 million homes for sale in the United States in May 2017. 经季节性因素调整后,这一数字降至略低于190万,与2000年的水平基本相同。
现在考虑到这个国家在同一时期增加了2100多万户新家庭,你就会明白为什么这是如此令人不安。 值得注意的是,这些新家庭中的许多人确实搬进了出租房,但这仍然使美国面临严重的住房短缺,这解释了为什么对住房的需求如此之高。
由于待售房屋短缺,你通常会期望建筑商悦博体育通过新建房屋来满足这种被压抑的需求,但不幸的是,情况并非如此。 In fact, new single-family housing starts are running at about 800,000 (annualized), and I believe we need starts to come in at over 1 million to satisfy demand – especially as older Millennials start to create households of their own and begin thinking about buying instead of renting.
因此悦博体育进退两难。 对房地产市场的信任已经明显恢复,但没有足够的房屋来满足买家的需求,当买家找到房子时,他们会遇到非常激烈的竞争,这推动了价格越来越高。
那么,悦博体育为什么会陷入这种境地,悦博体育又该如何摆脱呢?
事实上,造成悦博体育今天处境的原因并不单一。 相反,在我看来,有许多因素综合起来表明,市场不会很快恢复平衡。
短缺的第一个原因纯粹是人口问题。 As “Boomers” age, they are not following the trends of previous generations. 许多人在工作岗位上的时间比他们的前任长得多,而且,由于他们推迟了退休年龄,他们并不觉得有必要裁员。 In fact, almost two-thirds of Boomers plan to age in place and not 移动 even after retirement. Without this anticipated supply of homes from downsizing Boomers, there aren’t enough homes for 移动-up buyers, which in turn limits the supply of homes for first-time buyers.
Secondly, as a nation we just aren’t moving as often as we used to. 当我分析流动性时,很明显,人们不再需要为了找到一份与他们的技能相匹配的工作而频繁搬迁。 职业的地理特殊性明显下降。 在悦博体育过去经常搬去找工作的地方,这种情况已经不那么普遍了,这悦博体育悦博体育搬家的频率降低了。
Thirdly, as mentioned earlier, builders aren’t building as many homes as they could. 这主要是由于三个因素:土地供应/监管、劳动力和材料。 自经济大衰退以来,建造房屋的相关成本迅速上升,这阻碍了许多建筑商发挥其潜力。 Furthermore, in order to justify the additional costs, many of the homes that are being built are larger and more expensive, and this is no help for the first-time buyer who simply can’t afford a new construction price tag.
第四,虽然普遍的共识是房价已经从衰退后的大幅调整中恢复过来,但在一些市场实际上并非如此。 事实上,美国有32个都市区的房价仍比经济衰退前的峰值低15%以上。 由于这些市场的资产净值水平仍然很低,甚至根本不存在,许多潜在的卖家都在等待,直到他们的房屋拥有足够的资产净值后,才会将其投放市场。
还有一个问题肯定会成为未来几年的主要因素:利率。
想象一下,如果你愿意的话,几年后这个国家的利率已经正常化到6%左右的水平。 现在考虑一下潜在的房屋卖家,他们高兴地锁定在大约4%的抵押贷款利率上,正在考虑他们的选择。 他们会抛售并失去目前处于历史低位的利率吗? 请记住,利率每上涨1%,购房者就能少买得起10%的房子。 If they don’t HAVE to sell, their thoughts may lead to remodeling rather than moving. 我认为这是一个非常合理的假设,它可能导致悦博体育看到低库存水平的时间比许多人想象的要长得多。
由于新房市场的帮助很少,我相信悦博体育将一直遭受低库存水平的困扰,直到2018年。
Our best hope for a more balanced market lies with builders, so hopefully they’ll be allowed to do what they do best – build more homes.
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