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市场消息 2022年7月25日

2022年抵押贷款利率和通货膨胀的前景


本期视频是温德米尔首席经济学家马修·加德纳主持的周一马修系列节目的最新一期。 每个月,他都会分析最新的美国住房数据,让你随时了解房地产市场的动态。 



Hello there, I’m Windermere’s Chief Economist Matthew Gardner and welcome to this month’s episode of Monday with Matthew. 你知道,我喜欢做经济学家的原因之一是,这是一个非常谦卑的职业。 You see, just when we start to believe that our models are close to perfection, something comes along to remind us that forecasting isn’t an exact science.

And if you’re wondering what I am talking about, I recently took a look at the 2022 mortgage rate forecast I put out at the start of the year and…well, let’s say that 利率的上升速度要快得多 than I had anticipated. 我认为现在是重新审视利率的好时机,并分享我对今年剩余时间利率可能走向的看法,以及我的理由。 这悦博体育悦博体育需要讨论通货膨胀。

30-Year Conventional Mortgage Rates: 2018 – 2022

A graph showing the 30-year conventional mortgage rates for the years 2018-2022. The curve of the graph creates a sine wave, increasing from roughly 4% to 5% in 2018, dropping to roughly 3.5% by the end of 2019, decreasing further to roughly 2.5% by the end of 2020, coming back up to roughly 3.0% by the end of 2021, and spiking up to over 5.8% in 2022 before dipping slightly.

那么,快速回顾一下。 正如你所看到的,2018年没有什么值得庆祝的,利率从3.95%上升到4.94%,然后回落,年底达到4.5%左右。 2019年,在美联储宣布可能不再上调联邦基金利率后,利率下跌,抵押贷款市场也对白宫宣布将对部分中国进口商品征收关税做出了积极反应。 悦博体育在夏末看到了上涨,但这主要是由于与英国脱欧有关的消息。

2020年,利率一直在下降,但在2019冠状病毒病导致该国关闭、债券市场恐慌时,利率曾短暂飙升。 但随着美联储紧急降息,并宣布将开始大量购买国债和抵押贷款支持证券,利率跌至2.66%的历史低点。 2021年,随着新冠病毒感染的急剧下降,感染率上升,但随着德尔塔病毒的流行,感染率再次下降,但最终在下半年小幅上升。

然后是2022年。 今年年初,利率刚刚超过3.1%,但此后飙升至5.8%以上,几周前开始小幅回落。 尽管经济学家们预计今年利率会上升,但没有人预料到利率会上升多快。 那么,哪里出了问题? 其实答案很简单。

尽管悦博体育预计利率在2022年将呈上升趋势,但有两件事悦博体育没有纳入预测模型。

  1. 俄罗斯入侵乌克兰
  2. 通货膨胀持续攀升的时间远远超出悦博体育的预期

那么,今年剩下的时间里情况会如何呢? 要解释我的想法,重要的是要记住,债券市场和抵押贷款利率最讨厌的就是高通胀,因为 当通货膨胀加剧时,对债券的需求就会受到限制,这反过来又会迫使债券的应付利率上升,从而推高抵押贷款利率。

But what’s been fascinating to watch is that over the past couple of weeks, 利率实际上一直在下降 which is certainly counterintuitive given where inflation is today. 我能看到的唯一原因是债券交易员认为通胀可能已经见顶。

但悦博体育得到了6月份的CPI数据,它当然没有表明通胀正在放缓,事实上,它显示的是相反的情况。 但e尽管总通胀率还没有见顶,但我相信,一种转变实际上已经开始,悦博体育比你想象的更接近通胀的峰值。

通货膨胀指标:消费者支出

Three line graphs titled "Consumer Price Index," "Inflation Adjusted Consumer Spending," and PCE Price Index. The Consumer Price Index shows year-over-year percentage changes from present day back to January 2021, with two lines showing all items and all items less food and energy. The all items line starts around 1.5% in January 2021, gradually increasing to 9.1% in June 2022, while the all items less food and energy line also starts around 1.5% in January 2021 and undulates to 5.9% in June 2022. The "Inflation Adjusted Consumer Spending" chart shows month-over-month percentage changes from January 2021 to May 2022. The line spikes up and down throughout the first half of 2021, going as high as roughly 4.5% around March 2021 and as low as roughly negative 1.5% in February 2021. The line stabilizes for the remainder of the x-axis, ending at 0.4% in May 2022. The "PCE Price Index" graph shows year-over-year percentage changes from January 2021 to May 2022. The line starts around 1.5% in January 2021, gradually increasing through February 2022 around 5% before tapering to 4.7% in May 2022.

6月CPI报告显示整体通胀率仍呈上升趋势,但看看剔除波动较大的食品和能源部门的核心通胀率。 在过去的三个月里,这个数字实际上一直在下降。 5月份经通胀调整后的消费者支出下降了0.4%。 这是自去年12月以来的首次月度下降,我预计本月底公布的6月份数据将显示支出进一步下降。

This is a very important dataset that often gets overlooked but it is starting to tell me that 由于通货膨胀,经济正在放缓 and slower spending acts as a headwind to further price increases.

核心个人消费支出价格指数同比上涨4.7%,但这是自去年11月以来最小的年度涨幅,你可以看到它也开始滚动。 This index is actually the Fed’s favored measure of inflation as it’s more comprehensive that the CPI number as it measures the change in spending for all consumers, not just urban households.

通货膨胀指标:5年收支平衡和生产者价格指数

Two line graphs titled "5-Year Inflation Breakevens" and "Producer Price Index." The breakevens graph shows percentage changes from January 2022 to July 2022, starting at 3.0% in January 2022, increasing to 3.59% in March 2022, before gradually decreasing to 2.50% in July 2022. The "Producer Price Index" graph shows year-over-year percentage changes from January 2020 to May 2022, with two lines showing Total PPI and Core PPI. Both lines gradually increase along the x-axis, peaking around March 2022. Total PPI increases from 2.0% from 10.8 in May 2022, while core PPI increases from 1.6% to 8.3% over the same time period.

五年的“通胀盈亏平衡”下降了一个多百分点 自3月底略低于3.6%的峰值以来。 这个数字很重要,因为它让悦博体育知道债券交易员对未来五年平均通胀率的预期。

生产者价格指数衡量的是批发而非零售水平的通胀,尽管能源成本继续影响制造业,导致总通胀率上升, 过去三个月,核心通胀率一直在回落。 现在悦博体育来看看商品价格是怎么回事。

精选商品价格:天然气,铜,大豆,小麦

Four line graphs titled "Natural Gas Prices," "Copper Prices," "Soybean Prices," and "Wheat Prices." Natural Gas, Soybean, and Wheat prices all share a similar trend in that they gradually increase from January 2022 to June 2022 before dropping from June to July 2022. Natural gas prices fell by 34% from June to July 2022, while soybean prices fell 10% and wheat prices fell 27% over that same time period. Copper prices are steady from January 2022 to April 2022, before gradually dropping through April and May, then drastically falling 26% from June to July 2022. In summary, prices of all commodities are falling a significant amount over the past month (June to July 2022).

  • The price for 天然气价格下跌超过34% from its recent high
  • 铜价下跌了26% 从最近的6月份峰值和3月份大幅下降
  • 大豆价格下跌了10%
  • Despite the war in Ukraine, 小麦价格下跌了27% from June

零售汽油价格:西海岸,西海岸(不包括加州),美国

A line graph titled "Retail Gas Prices" with three lines: U.S., West Coast, and West Coast excluding California. 所有 three lines show increases in price per gallon from January 2021 to July 2022. 所有 three lines peak in June 2022. The West Coast gas prices went from roughly three dollars per gallon to $5.68 per gallon in July 2022, the West Coast excluding California line goes from roughly $2.50 per gallon in January 2021 to $5.28 in July 2022, and the U.S. line goes from just below $2.50 per gallon in January 2021 to $4.75 per gallon in July 2022.

汽油价格似乎也出现了回落。 当然,在西海岸这里,即使你把加州排除在外,生活成本也比全国高。

美国国债收益率:10年期和2年期不变

A line graph with two lines showing the U.S. Treasury Yields 10-year constant and 2-year constant from January 2022 to July 2022. The 10-year constant gradually increases over this period of time from 1.5% in January 2022 to 2.99% in July 2022. The 2-year constant gradually increases as well, from roughly 0.75% in January 2022 to 3.07% in July 2022.

最后,综上所述,交易员们肯定也在思考和我一样的数字,因为债券收益率本身在长期和短期收益率曲线两端都在下跌,即使在CPI报告发布后,10年期国债收益率仍低于3%,两年期国债收益率虽然仍在上升,但仍低于两周前的2.42%。

因此,考虑到悦博体育看过的所有图表,我希望当谈到通胀即将开始缓解的可能性时,你也能看到隧道尽头的一些光明。

毫无疑问,6月份的总体通胀数据并不是所有人都想看到的,但是,如果悦博体育所看到的趋势继续下去,我仍然预计通胀将开始缓慢下降,这将推动债券价格走高,收益率将开始暂停——如果不是下降的话——这将使抵押贷款利率暂时保持在或接近当前水平。 尽管悦博体育可以看到利率下降,但在可预见的未来,利率仍将以5开始。 我希望你对我的想法感兴趣。

一如既往,如果你对这个特定的话题有任何问题或评论,请联系我,但与此同时,请注意安全。 我期待着下个月再次与大家相聚。

现在再见。


关于马修·加德纳

作为Windermere Real Estate的首席经济学家,Matthew Gardner负责分析和解释经济数据及其对地方和全国房地产市场的影响。 Matthew在美国和英国拥有超过30年的专业经验

除了日常工作之外,马修还是华盛顿州州长经济顾问委员会的成员; 华盛顿大学华盛顿房地产研究中心董事会主席; 他是华盛顿大学伦斯塔德房地产研究中心的顾问委员会成员,并在那里讲授房地产经济学。

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